Listening to 20th-century music can be hard work. For audiences raised on tonal harmony, flowing melodies, and familiar formal signposts, the sounds of modernism often arrive without warning. Dense dissonance, fragmented gestures, and violent contrast seemingly confront the listener, leading

“Mathematical formulas translated into beautiful and convincing music” In 2022 we celebrate the centenary of the birth of Iannis Xenakis (1922-2001), an artist of fierce originality who produced some of rawest and wildest music in history. He belonged to a